The human body is made up of
billions of specialized cells that form specific organs such as the brain,
skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints and bones. Each day these cells go
through a degenerative and regenerative process. As older cells die, new cells
are born from stem cells
with the unique ability to create multiple types of other cells. However, when
tissues are injured, the degenerative process overcomes this regenerative
process, resulting in structures that become weaker, more painful and less
functional. While there are several types of stem cells, those that best
promote musculoskeletal healing (tendon, ligament, cartilage and bone) are found
in the bone marrow. These mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, are essential for
successful patient outcomes and in StemCell ARTS, we use the patented Regenexx®
stem cell protocol, which is capable of producing much higher concentrations of
these important cells.
It is widely known and reported
in the literature that shoulder injuries, including rotator cuff tears, tend to
heal slowly and the management of glenoid labrum tears, subacromial impingement
and degenerative arthritic shoulder can be a challenge. Therefore, research
into biological treatments for these conditions is underway. This includes
exploring the effect in the laboratory and OR of various types of stem cells on healing
when injected or used to increase arthroscopic or open surgery.
The approach to stem cell therapy
is controversial, according to sources who spoke with Orthopedics Today. Stem
cells injected into the shoulder or introduced during open or arthroscopic
surgery, for example, can be expensive and many insurance plans may not cover
them. In addition, the effectiveness of cell therapy for these indications is
not proven to a large extent. Ultimately, this may mean that some patients will
have to undergo traditional treatment later and, therefore, resist two or more
treatments for the same condition, the sources said.
Now we know that we have the
surgical techniques and equipment to firmly attach the tendon of the rotator
cuff to the bone so that the mechanical environment is strong. What is missing
is the biological environment to help heal the rotator cuff and that is where stem cells, platelet-rich
plasma (PRP) and biological factors have been associated to improve cure rates,
improve patient satisfaction patient and improve function and postoperative
strength.
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